Wednesday, May 30, 2018

Memorial Day (United States) - What and When?

Memorial Day or Decoration Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces.

Originally known as Decoration Day, it originated in the years following the Civil War and became an official federal holiday in 1971.

The holiday is observed every year on the last Monday of May. It marks the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end.

Many people visit cemeteries and memorials, particularly to honor those who have died in military service.

Sunday, May 27, 2018

What is Communication?

Communication is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. It can also be described as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing or using some other medium.

Communication can broadly be categorized into verbal, non-verbal and written means.

The main steps inherent to all communication are:
  • The formation of communicative motive or reason.
  • Message composition (Elaboration on what has to be expressed).
  • Message encoding (Eg: Digital data, Written text, Speech, Pictures, Gestures and so on).
  • Transmission of the encoded message as a sequence of signals using a specific channel or medium.
  • Influence of noise sources such as natural forces and, in some cases, human activity on the quality of signals propagating from the sender to one or more receivers.
  • Reception of signals and reassembling of the encoded message from a sequence of received signals.
  • Decoding of the reassembled encoded message.
  • Interpretation and making sense of the presumed original message.
Communication serves as the foundation for human society and is the guiding principle for interchange of all information, globally.

Thursday, May 24, 2018

What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

Software as a service (SaaS) is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. It is also referred to as "on-demand software", "web-based software" or "hosted software". SaaS is typically accessed by users using a thin client via a web browser and is considered to be one of the three pillars of Cloud Computing.

Instead of installing and maintaining software, customers simply access it via the Internet, thereby freeing themselves from complex software and hardware management. The provider manages access to the application, including security, availability, and performance.

SaaS provides a complete software solution which customers purchase on a "pay-as-you-go" basis from a cloud service provider. All of the underlying infrastructure, middleware, app software and app data are located in the service provider’s data center. SaaS allows an organisation to get up and running quickly with an app with minimal upfront cost.

There are many well-known examples of SaaS, including Office 365, Google Apps, Salesforce, Citrix GoToMeeting, Cisco WebEx and Netflix.

Some examples of where SaaS can be used by enterprises are as follows:
  • Accounting and invoicing
  • Tracking sales
  • Planning
  • Performance monitoring
  • Communications (including webmail and messaging)
  • Analytics

What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model of Cloud Computing that delivers computer infrastructure on an outsourced basis to support enterprise operations. Typically, IaaS provides hardware, storage, servers and data center space or network components; it may also include software.

An IaaS provider provides policy-based services and is responsible for housing, operating and maintaining the equipment it provides for a client. Clients usually pay on a per-use or utility computing basis.

Characteristics of IaaS include:
  • Automated administrative tasks
  • Dynamic scaling
  • Platform virtualization
  • Internet connectivity

IaaS helps the client avoid the expense and complexity of buying and managing one's own physical servers and other datacenter infrastructure. Each resource is offered as a separate service component and the client only needs to rent a particular one for as long as required.

The client does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Wednesday, May 23, 2018

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a concept that enables ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, often over the Internet from multiple cloud server farms. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar to a public utility.

Third-party clouds enable organizations to focus on their core businesses instead of spending resources on computer infrastructure, security and maintenance. Advocates of Cloud Computing note that this type of service allows companies to avoid or minimize up-front IT infrastructure costs and provides a robust, secure and flexible platform for businesses and individuals to run their IT operations. Minimum management, optimized resources and significantly less operational costs are some of the key benefits of the Cloud Computing platform. It also enables IT teams to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable demand. Cloud providers typically use a "pay-as-you-go" model which offers flexibility and reduces overhead costs, but which can also lead to unexpected operating expenses if administrators are not familiarized with cloud-pricing models.

This popular service can primarily be classified as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). There are several popular cloud computing providers in the market at present, of which, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Microsoft Azure are the most popular.

Tuesday, May 22, 2018

What is a Black Hole?

A black hole is a region of space-time exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that no particle or electromagnetic radiation, such as light, can escape from inside it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform space-time to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon.

Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form. There is general consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies. At the same time, we may also have Black Holes about the size of an atom but with the mass of a very large mountain.

Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. When an object falls into a black hole, any information about the shape of the object or distribution of charge on it is evenly distributed along the horizon of the black hole, and is lost to outside observers.

At the center of a black hole, as described by general relativity, lies a gravitational singularity, a region where the spacetime curvature becomes infinite. For a non-rotating black hole, this region takes the shape of a single point and for a rotating black hole, it is smeared out to form a ring singularity that lies in the plane of rotation. In both cases, the singular region has zero volume. It can also be shown that the singular region contains all the mass of the black hole solution. The singular region can thus be thought of as having infinite density.

Black holes are extremely perplexing entities and the scientific community is continuously trying to explore its true nature and unravel its mysteries.

Saturday, May 19, 2018

I am Time

I have witnessed the birth of the sun; I have seen the beginning of life; I have felt sorrow and rejoiced in fun; I have seen love and seen strife.

I have seen things big and small; I have seen them rise....I have seen them fall; I have seen things shallow, and things sublime; I have seen it all because I am Time.